Friday, February 1, 2013

What is the best Linux operating system?

Q. I am a bit new to this Linux but I've heard about it and I want to try it out. Which operating system should I download? I've heard of Ubuntu, is it any good?

A. I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 9 Main Edition which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 9 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=52

The Perfect Desktop - Linux Mint 9 (Isadora)
http://www.howtoforge.com/the-perfect-desktop-linux-mint-9-isadora

Linux Mint 9 User Guide Download pdf.
http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_isadora.php

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 9 then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD for installation

Linux Mint 9 can also be run direct from the LiveCD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive

Also worth considering :

Fedora Remix (Fedora with elements of Linux Mint)
http://fcoremix.wordpress.com/2010/05/25/lucky-13/
http://iso.linux.hr/community-fedora-remix/
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/User_Guide/

Again Fedora Remix can be run direct from the LiveDVD without touching your Hard Drive

Also you can try out as many different Linux distros. as you like on LiveCD until you find the one thats right for you DISTROWATCH.COM gives full listings (second lists the major distributions)
http://distrowatch.com/

Major Linux Distributions
http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major


LUg.

What is the difference between Linux and Ubuntu?
Q. Or is it the same thing? I don't really know anything about Linux and Ubuntu so I just wanted to find out some of this stuff before I get the OS on my computer.

A. Linux is the Kernel. All Linux Distros. (Distributions) including Ubuntu are built upon the Linux Kernel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel

I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 9 Main Edition which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 9 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=52

The Perfect Desktop - Linux Mint 9 (Isadora)
http://www.howtoforge.com/the-perfect-desktop-linux-mint-9-isadora

Linux Mint 9 User Guide Download pdf.
http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_isadora.php

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 9 then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD for installation

Linux Mint 9 can also be run direct from the LiveCD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive

Also worth considering :

Fedora Remix (Fedora with elements of Linux Mint)
http://fcoremix.wordpress.com/2010/05/25/lucky-13/
http://iso.linux.hr/community-fedora-remix/
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/User_Guide/

Again Fedora Remix can be run direct from the LiveDVD without touching your Hard Drive

Also you can try out as many different Linux distros. as you like on LiveCD until you find the one thats right for you DISTROWATCH.COM gives full listings (second lists the major distributions)
http://distrowatch.com/

Major Linux Distributions
http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major


LUg.

What is a Linux shell script used to verify/track user activity on a network?
Q. I would like to use a script that will verify that no users are logging in or log in after hours. It will keep track of all user activity and/or report any unauthorized users from gaining access to the network.

A. It's not particularly elegant, but you can create an /etc/nologin file (including a denial message in it if desired) and then set up a cron job to move or rename it to allow/disallow access at certain times.

If the file exists, it does not allow remote connections (any, including root, as far as I'm aware, so take care ). To prevent complete remote lockout, the file is deleted by the system upon startup if it exists.

If you need actual access control lists, this is not the method for you. If you have a couple users, you can create dual /etc/passwd files and change the un-authorized user login shells to /sbin/nologin (Fedora/RH/CentOS) or /bin/false (Debian/Ubuntu). Maintaining that for more than a couple becomes a chore though, and if you need to do this on a larger or long-term basis, there are better, non-script solutions.



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What is the command to know the linux version i am using?

Q. I am using a Linux server in command mode, i dont know which linux i am using ie whether it is Fedora Core 1,2,3 or Redh Hat linux Enterpirse or Linux 9.0 Version??

A. username@machine> uname -a
Linux test_machine1 2.4.21-4.ELsmp #1 SMP Fri Oct 3 17:52:56 EDT 2003 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

In this example, the Linux kernel version is 2.4.21-4.


To obtain the Linux glibc version, type the following at the shell command prompt:

username@machine> rpm -q glibc
glibc-2.3.2-95.3

Two alternative methods to obtain glibc version information:
username@machine> /lib/libc.so.6 | head -1
GNU C Library stable release version 2.3.2, by Roland McGrath et al.

username@machine> getconf GNU_LIBC_VERSION
glibc 2.3.2

If you are using a RedHat Linux distribution, you can find the RedHat release by typing:
usename@machine> cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Linux release 9 (Shrike)

Where do I find source code of linux commands?
Q. Linux commands like cp, dir, ls, shred, man (etc...) are nothing but programs (hopefully all written in C). I would really like to know exactly how they work (and make a few modifications to some) so I need their source code...
Can you tell me where to find source code of linux commands?
Thank you in advance!

A. In general there are several places you can go to get the source for these commands. This is mostly because there can be several different implementations of the commands.

1) The company who distributed your version of Linux. Most versions of these types of commands are under the GPL and as such the person or company who gave you the executable has to make a copy of the source code available to you. Usually these are released as source rpms, and some times come on one of the CDs or DVDs that you used to install Linux with. You can often find them on the web too.

For example the RHEL5 Server source rpm (SRPM) is
ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/5Server/en/os/SRPMS/coreutils-5.97-12.1.el5.src.rpm

Most of the time your distribution will have a tool like yum to install these and other rpms for you.

2) www.gnu.org
GNU probably wrote the commands that are on your distribution of Linux, although a few very specialized distros use different implementations of the commands (Usually busybox http://www.busybox.net/ but this is really rare).

http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/
has instructions on how to download a very recent copy of the code, which may be much much newer then the version currently installed on your computer.

NOTE:

Some shells, like tcsh and csh have their own implementations of these commands built into them. This is because it is faster to run the command as part of your shell then to fork and exec a new command. So if you do change them be sure to check that you are actually running your updated version. BASH usually does not play these games but you can always check by running which followed by the name of your command.

What would it take to make you change from Windows to Linux?
Q. Personally I would switch tomorrow if all of the software I used was compatible with Linux.

I hope that with the average person coming out of school being more computer savy these days we will see more and more software developers releasing Linux versions.
I have tried Linux in the past and wasn't very fond of it, at that time I was not aware of all the different types available such as Red Hat and Ubuntu. There are versions out there easy to get to grips with and similar to Windows.

A. A direct port of Microsoft Office not a watered down version like they made for Mac. I have tried open office I don't like it.

More automation, I would like to be abe to double click an install file and have it install - I hate hate HATE using the Linux command terminal it is like pulling teeth.

A better IM client I think kMess and GAIM are crap - and a better music player I don't like amarok and WinAmp style media players I just don't like them and I won't 'get used to them over time'.

Did I mention how much I hate using the terminal?

Better games, Linux supports OpenGL and has tonnes of C++ compilers etc, there really is no excuse for not having better games.

Faster boot times, every version of Linux I have tried took ages to boot and my PC isn't exactly low spec, its got a Core 2 Duo @ 1.83ghz with 2 gigs of RAM it shouldn't take so long to boot.

And finally I really like to nosey around and change things when I muck up Windows its easy to restore, Linux isn't I want better recovery options for when theings do go wong because the always do.

I don't ask for much really.



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plz plz tell how to install a video player in red hat linux?

Q. i have downloaded a video player for red hat linux, but thing is that i feel completely different from windows,
what's the whole procedure to install it,
when i double-click the setup it does'nt get installed , it gives the option openwith.
what to do to run video files in red hat linux.

A. Open up a terminal ( system -> terminal )
or if its not there, look around teh menus for it.

you will get a small DOS like box come up.

type in
/bin/su -
Hit enter, and type your admin password

now type.
yum install vlc

Once its finished, you should see vlc in your apps -> media section.

What's the latest version of Red Hat Linux? Where can i download free video tutorials to learn the basics.?
Q. I am in a plan to do system administration and as per the suggestion given by all my friends, i have decided to go towards Linux operating system and so i am interested in knowing about the latest release of Red Hat Enterprise Linux and ofcourse the free video tutorial which would help me to learn the basics of Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating systems as i am totally new to it.

A. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5

Get it here:

http://www.redhat.com/rhel/desktop/

Help:

http://www.redhat.com/docs/

http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/red-hat-31/

How can i get 'RED HAT' LINUX for free? Can i get a cd for free by post?or should i download it from the net?
Q. Can i get a CD containing 'RED HAT' LINUX by post, free of any charge as it is an open source software?? Or should i download it from the internet? Please give the details........ ( i want the red hat version of linux itself)
can you give me the links...., so that i can get them?

A. You seem to know the name RedHat but not enough about it to not ask this question. To the person who said that RedHat no longer exists and then turned around and said it is RedHat Enterprise, doesn't that sound a little silly? To answer the question you asked, YES AND NO. No you cannot get RedHat for free, it went commercial quite awhile ago. However they continued on with the home-user version renaming it Fedora to distinguish it from the commercial version. And what exactly do you mean "...free of any charge as it is an open source software??" Where did you get the idea that open-source is synonymous with free? I bet you've heard about the free software movement and think all open-source software is free. The GPL ( http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html ) states that a program with this license is copy-lefted. This means it is free to redistribute and change the software as you see fit, even to sell it (yes, sell someone else's program for your own profit as long as you leave the license intact and allow the people that buy or receive the software from you to do the exact same thing. I hope that this clarifies things a little for you. I didn't mean to sound so harsh, it was not my intention.



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How do I make a bootable LINUX flash drive?

Q. I have downloaded a bootable linux iso. How do i put it on my flash drive?

A. The definitive site is http://www.pendrivelinux.com/ that's all it's about, putting various distros of Linux on flash drives.

What do i burn as an iso For yellow dog linux?
Q. I downloaded yellow dog linux iso and it is a compressed .rar file. Inside this there is a folder called Yellowdog it contains 3.6 gb of the overall 3.66gb. to burn this do i just drag this folder onto my disk drive when i have a dvd inside?

A. Ok to open the file you need something like ultra iso or magic iso, or just google search something which can burn iso and open them.
Once you get your program, open it, add your file and burn on to cd/dvd.

Very easy

PS. If you use torrents just download ultra iso or magic iso of a torrent website....
Hope this helps..

how do i burn an iso of yellow dog linux onto a dvd?
Q. I downloaded yellow dog linux iso from a torrent and it is a compressed .rar file. Inside this there is a folder called Yellowdog it contains 3.41 gb of the overall 3.71gb. to burn this do i just drag this folder onto my disk drive when i have a dvd inside?

A. no you need a ISO burning capable software such as nero or image burner



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How do I transfer files to and from my computer I'm remotely connected to through SSH?

Q. I want to be able to transfer files to and from my home computer remotely while accessing it from an SSH connection...How do I do this? Do I need to set up an FTP server on my home computer? It's running Debian Linux and I access it from my Android phone using ConnectBot.

A. If it's running an ssh server that will include scp and usually sftp.
You can connect with any scp/sftp client like winscp, rsync. If you set up SSH keys access you need not bother with passwords (though it's still a good idea to have some passphrase in case you lose the phone)

ftp is less secure, unless you use SSL

I am accessing my home linux box remotely from work. How can I copy files from that linux comp to my local com
Q. I am accessing my home linux computer remotely from my MacBook via SSH. I am behind a NAT, so I don't have a static IP. I want to retrieve some files from that linux box to my MacBook. Is there a reverse SCP command that I can use so that I can SCP the file from my home linux box to my MacBook at work through the already established tunnel?

A. You use scp direct (not through the tunnel). It can copy either way. One option is to log in to your Linux box through ssh, then use scp to the Mac from there. you would need the address of the mac, and forwarding set up at its' router. Alternatively use the scp from the mac console to your Linux machine. You must have its' address if you can ssh to it.

Is there a way to easily shutdown a remote linux server with a shell script?
Q. I have 3 linux servers hooked to my UPS. I can only hook the UPS to one of them. The UPS software will allow me to run a shell script on that one server before it shuts down. And I want that shell script to shut down the other 2 servers. Is this possible?
@ Roland J: I AM FULLY AWARE OF HOW TO SHUTDOWN A LINUX MACHINE.

@ Roland J: Please donât answer a question unless you actually READ the question!!!!! It makes other people think the question is answered, when in reality, your just lazy to even read the full title of the question. (or you donât know what the word âremoteâ means)

I need to know how to shutdown a linux machine REMOTELY.

This means that I want to run a script on LinuxBox1 and have LinuxBox2 (another linux server on same LAN) shut down.

A. Actually SSH would have to be set up first to allow passwordless, login between servers.

I found the solution else where, and just wanted to post it here, in case anyone else stubles on this question looking for an answer.

NOTE: IN THE RESOLUTION BELOW MANY OF THE COMMANDS ARE CUT OFF, OR INCORECTULY SHOW AS TWO LINES. FOLLOW THIS LINK FOR A PROPERLY FORMATED ANSWER.
http://www.justlinux.com/forum/showthread.php?p=863427#post863427

RESOLUTION:
Here's what I did...

First I ssh'd from each machine to each other one. (The first time u ssh to new machine it asked you to accept the machines "fingerprint" and saves it -- this is just so they know who each other are.

Then on the machine I wanted to be able to shutdown FROM I did
[CODE]
cd /root/.ssh/
ssh-keygen -t rsa
[/CODE]
and accepted the default location. (/root/.ssh/id_rsa)
I left the passphrase blank, so it would not be required.

Then basically you just need to copy that "id_rsa" file onto the DESTINATION machine, in the same directory, but named as "authorized_keys". Which can easily be done like this:
[CODE]
scp id_rsa.pub xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys [/CODE]
Where xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx is the IP address or host name of remote machine.

[INDENT]NOTE: You may want to check if a file by that name already exists, on the remote machine, because the above command will overwrite it without warning. -- If you already have a file by that name on the remote machine, I would suggest using command above, but change the file name. Then on the remote machine, append the file you just copied to the existing one. This could easily be done like this: (there may be an even simpler way - but this is what I know)

[CODE]mv /root/.ssh/authorized_keys /root/.ssh/authorized_keys.backup
cat /root/.ssh/authorized_keys.backup /root/.ssh/yourfilename > /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
[/CODE]
[/INDENT]

Then make sure the /root/.ssh/authorized_keys file has 600 permissions.
[CODE]
chmod 600 /root/.ssh/authorized_ keys
[/CODE]

Then try to ssh to the remote machine.
[CODE]
ssh xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
[/CODE]
And if it works like it did for me -- it will let you right in, with no username or password. If this works correctly, you should be able to remotely run commands through ssh within scripts.



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If you were to boot a machine on a usb flash drive linux?

Q. If you were to boot a machine on a usb flash drive linux,
will your machine be safe?
will the linux be sanboxed in?
or can viruses get onto your machine?

A. Since Linux can write to an NTFS partition, if you saved downloads you did in Linux to your Windows partition, it would be the same as using Windows to do it. How the files get there doesn't matter. If you turned the drive off and the flash drive was the only drive in the computer, all you could ruin was the Linux installation on the flash drive. (That's why Freesco is virus-proof - as long as you have a back-up floppy. If one gets hacked or virused, just boot with the other one and make the bad one a backup of the good one.)

How do I install Linux mint debian xfce or linux mint debian gnome?
Q. I am wondering how do you install Linux mint Debian on a USB stick from Linux mint 11 lxde or lubuntu 11.10. I tried the start up disk creator but nothing came up and it only recognized my USB drive how to i install the Debian edition of Linux mint off of Linux mint lxde or lubuntu if the start up disk creator wont recognize the image I downloaded.

A. you need to be running on either a Live CD or a Live USB to install an OS.
I use a USB because it is quick and simple, and I like to recycle.
I believe there are other tools but I use unetbootin to configure the USB stick
unetbootin can be installed from the Software Manager
information on unetbootin here> http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/

What is a good keyboard mouse combo device?
Q. looking for a keyboard that functions as a mouse and board with only one usb input.

linux compatible good quality?

anyone have any good expediences with such hardware?

A. Logitech has good products,I think the latest Keyboard/Mouse uses one wireless USB connection that also will control up to six devices.



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I have a windows operating system, I want to start a website.. Can i use a linux host on my OS? I'm sure i can

Q. Well, Planing on opening a video site. For people to upload videos..
And i was checking the host out . Linux hosting. I can use that on a MS machine correct?

A. You def can but I'm not sure if you can test a linux based website on a Windows based computer, locally... This may make it a bit hard to design ???

What should I know about Linux Hosting?
Q. If I use Linux Hosting, will I be able to use MS Publisher as a design template? If not, what design software do you recommend?

A. As a long time Linux geek, I have no love for anything made by Microsoft. Publisher is NOT a web design tool. Published is designed for making brochures, flyers, booklets, etc. The fact that you can convert a publisher file to an HTML format doesn't mean it's a web site tool. In fact, the HTML code rendered from Microsoft applications (yes, including FrontPage) is usually crap.

Their generated code contains a lot of proprietary stuff that's not standard in HTML, and it can cause problems between broswers.

here's what a Linux host usually has: Linux servers (Red Hat Linux is popular), Apache Web Server, MySQL for databases, and they usually support scripting languages like PHP and Perl. Some hosts will also provide support for Python and Ruby.

For web design, I always recommend a decent text editor that forces your to learn how to use XHTML and style sheets. once you have full control of how your content is built, you'll find yourself building much better web pages.

If you need a tool, try something called nVu. It's a free HTML editor that works on both Windows and Linux clients.

Learn to code in standard XHTML. Then, all your stuff will work for all clients, no matter what system you host on.

Whats the difference between Linux web hosting and Windows web hosting?
Q. Heya Please tell em what the difference is between linux web hosting and windows web hosting. I made my site by dreamweaver does that affect either of the 2 i should choose please tell me thanx!

A. Windows and Linux often use two different web server applications. Windows sites use the Windows IIS server, while nearly all Linux sites use Apache.

Linux sites focus on PHP, Perl and other open-source script languages for server side scripting. Windows-based sites use ,NET and ASP technologies. They might also offer support for PHP.

Linux sites offer MySQL as the database for backend content storage. Windows sites will probably offer SQL Server, though some offer the Windows versions of MySQL as well.

There shouldn't be any difference between the two if you use strict web standards in your HTML. However, you need to be aware of the fact that, since Dreamweaver is a Windows-only product, it may insert some non-standard things into your HTML. Frontpage also does this.

As long as you stick to accepted web standards and don't use any Windows-centric stuff in your site, you should have no problems with either one.



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