Showing posts with label linux list users. Show all posts
Showing posts with label linux list users. Show all posts

Monday, May 20, 2013

When buying new hardware for a linux system, should I only pick hardware that has linux drivers?

Q. I am new to linux. I want to construct a new computer that will operate linux. Should I only choose hardware (like a TV tuner card or a sound card) for which there are already linux drivers or are there always workarounds for getting every piece of hardware working on linux even if there are no drivers? Are these workarounds easy to implement or will I spend a lot of time and effort trying to get the hardware to work?

A. Naturally the easier path is to buy/use components that have linux drivers readily available. If the component maker doesn't provide the driver a linux supporter will try to reverse engineer the driver. These drivers are not always available until a good period of time after the component is released, and the quality of these drivers vary a lot. Early versions of these drivers do not generally lead to a stable system.
THe people who like to use components that don't have linux drives are those who want to learn the inner workings of linux and even want to learn how to write the drivers.
There are workarounds when you do not have a linux driver but they vary in their success and stability.
If you want a stable system that is easy to setup and maintain and update you best bet is to use as many components as possible that have good linux drivers.
If you google for a component plus linux drivers you should get a good idea of whether linux drivers are available. e.g. Creative audigy 2 z +linux drivers.
More and more manufacturers are coming on board and providing linux drivers. Many linux users complain to the manufacturers if they do not provide linux drives.
Here are some links that list components and linux drivers.
Good luck

How do I limit the bandwidth to each user on the wireless router?
Q. I have a linksys wireless router. Some of the users are abusing the bandwidth
making it difficult for others to surf the internet. Is there any way to set
limits to each user so that nobody ends up using too much of the internet?
How do you adjust the QOS?
I use router WRT54G.
I am the access point, not wireless router.

A. Well, the other answer is partly right; you can't really do it with what you have. However, it is possible to throttle bandwidth for a wireless connection with the right hardware; instead of trying to limit the physical medium by use of a switch, however, you can throttle how much data is allowed to flow to the IP address of each computer using the wireless router. That is to say, everyone still connects wirelessly to an access point, that access point either has built in hardware or attaches to another device that limits how much bandwidth each IP gets. (You can even go cheap and build a Linux router out of an old PC for this.) Theoretically, there is no limit between the access point and the PC, but if only 5Mb/sec comes to the access point to deliver to the PC, it effectively limits the connection.

See the following URLs for references.

http://forums.whirlpool.net.au/forum-replies-archive.cfm/616580.html

http://lists.nocat.net/pipermail/nocat/2003-September/003731.html

http://oob.freeshell.org/nzwireless/nocat1.html

What is the best Linux distribution for a beginner?
Q. I don't know anything about Linux. Should be easy to use and should be an active and popular distribution that is still updated from time to time and has an active developer team.

A. Here are some options for installing or trying out Linux

Option One (Full installation)

I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 9 Main Edition which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 9 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=52

The Perfect Desktop - Linux Mint 9 (Isadora)
http://www.howtoforge.com/the-perfect-desktop-linux-mint-9-isadora

Linux Mint 9 User Guide Download pdf.
http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_isadora.php

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 9 then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD for installation

Linux Mint 9 can also be run direct from the LiveCD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive

Also worth considering :

Fedora Remix (Fedora with elements of Linux Mint)
http://fcoremix.wordpress.com/2010/05/25/lucky-13/
http://iso.linux.hr/community-fedora-remix/
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/User_Guide/

Again Fedora Remix can be run direct from the LiveDVD without touching your Hard Drive

Option Two (Install Linux inside Windows)

Installing Ubuntu as a dual-boot with Windows without partitioning
http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/wubi

You keep Windows as it is, Wubi only adds an extra option to boot into Ubuntu. Wubi does not require you to modify the partitions of your PC, or to use a different bootloader, and does not install special drivers. It works just like any other application.

Wubi keeps most of the files in one folder, and if you do not like it, you can simply uninstall it as any other application.

Boot in to windows insert the Ubuntu 10.04 LiveCD and you will offered the option of installing inside windows which is where the Wubi installer comes in, you will be asked how many gigabytes you wish to allocate to Ubuntu (I recommend 8gb) then you set a password for your installation then click install and thats it.

Once Ubuntu is fully installed upon starting your PC you will be given a choice of which operating system you want to use Windows or Ubuntu

Ubuntu 10.04 Download
http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop/get-ubuntu/download

Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx) User Guide
http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Lucid

Linux Mint 9 which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 has a similar feature called mint4win and the directions given above for Wubi can be followed
http://duncsweb.com/2009/09/27/mint4win-a-wubi-based-installer-of-linux-mint/

As with Linux Mint 9 and Fedora Remix, Ubuntu 10.04 can also be run straight from the LiveCD without touching your Hard drive

Option Three (LiveCD)

Here the possibilities are endless as you can try out as many different Linux distros. as you like until you find the one thats right for you DISTROWATCH.COM gives full listings (second lists the major distributions)
http://distrowatch.com/

Major Linux Distributions
http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major


LUg.



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Thursday, May 16, 2013

Will a Linux operating system be difficult for somebody who used only Windows all life?

Q. Today I decided that I am officially tired with Windows and want to install Linux on my laptop. I read on a website all the pro and cons of each operating system ( Windows, OS, Linux) and discovered that Linux is the only one who had the pro list longer than the cons list. ( windows too vulnerable and Macs too pricey). In any case,in the Linux cons list it said that Linux should only be used by experienced computer users. I know my way around a computer but I cannot call myself and expert. Would it be difficult to transition from Windows to Linux if I am not a computer expert?

A. Welcome to the would of Linux based OSs!!

At one point or another most Linux users made that switch, and it can be difficult IF you try to use Linux (remember Linux is the kernel not the OS) like you use Windows. There is a learning curve that you must overcome. Things are just different, but not difficult. Years ago it was harder, but now, there are many distros (distributions) tailored to new users.

Since you already know the pros and cons, there is no need to discuss them. But when you start using Linux based OSs, you WILL be in "windows mode". This just takes time to overcome. Most people that tried Linux and said it was to hard, did not give themselves enough time to get out of "winblos mode".

When you install a Linux distro, you do not need antivirus, antimalware, firewalls, you do not need to defrag. You can install them if you like, but there is no real need unless it makes you feel better. If you stick to the repos (repositories - just to make it easier to explain - you can think of it like an app store that you use on your phone) you will be safe from malware.

Now the hardest part, at least for me, is to choose which distro. Go to distrowatch.com for info on hundreds of different distros.

Most distros are based on a few main distros. Here is an image to give you an idea how many forked from other distros:
http://files.cyberciti.biz/uploads/tips/2007/06/44218-linuxdistrotimeline-7.2.png

When I made the switch from winblows to Linux, here was my criteria:
1. made for beginners - you will have many problems if you jump to a distro made for experts
2. it must be a popular distro - the more people using it, the more help you will receive. you can ask on YA, in a linux forum, or people you know.
3 must look decent. I just don't like an ugly desktop.

Also, you can take almost any distro and add different desktop environments. You can think of the DE as the user interface. You can take Ubuntu, that ships with the Unity DE, and ad another, say KDE. But they do have this already, and called Kubuntu.

You can take Mint (which I recommend for new users) which you can choose form Cinnamon, GNOME, KDE, MATE, Xfce desktops. Or you can add others. Here is a gallery of some of the DEs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environment#Gallery

So I would suggest to get an 8 or larger USB flash drive (or what ever you have) and use a program called YUMI to install as many different distros on that drive as it can hold. You choose which distro to boot into on start up. This way you can try out many different distros.

Also try out many of the different DEs. There is no way to know which one is right for you. since they are personal choice. I recommend the KDE since you are coming from winblows. It is pretty and (to me) easier to use. So I recommend Mint with KDE.

There are other made for beginners. If you decide to use Ubuntu make sure that you have a wired internet connection when you install. Ubuntu does not use closed source or proprietary software (it a FOSS thing). It will ask when you install if you want to use restricted software. Mint ships with this software and works better out of the box.

There are distros made for just about anything. If you have an older computer, there are distros for old computers. If this is the case I suggest to not use KDE but one made for older or slower computers. Like LXDE (You can download Mint with LXDE). There are distros for media production, scientists, educators, security, privacy, embedded, etc.... Heck, you can even put Linux on your router, mp3 player, tv, and other devices.

Here are some others:
http://distrowatch.com/search.php?category=Beginners

Why do you think the Linux community donates its time to supporting the adoption of Linux?
Q. I have been working with Linux for a short time now and was wondering why people would donate time and resources to support Linux. Please list any sources that you have that can give more information on this topic please.

A. Well, large companies like IBM contribute to Linux for their own reasons. They want a lean, mean, robust server OS, and Linux is ideal because they have their own in-house developers tweak it for their own uses. That's probably the biggest reason that Linux is a very good server OS: Because career programmers work on it as their job.

Linux on the desktop has some smaller companies behind it that may try to sell support for it, but it also gets contributions from other programmers in their spare time. You don't see many people who work on Linux as their actual job outside of the aforementioned large companies. People contribute because they want to, or perhaps because they're lifeless neckbeards with nothing to live for beyond coding for open source (certainly not all contributors fit that category, but there are definitely a lot of those guys in the FOSS movement). That's a big reason why Linux on the desktop hasn't really gone anywhere. There's no real advertising campaign, no big push beyond grassroots, no big reason to switch over to an OS that may not even have real support beyond user forums or possibly email.

What is the best Linux password cracker program?
Q. I somehow got access to the shadow password file. I found the list of users in encrypted form. What is the best cracker program out there to crack?

A. You should not "Trade passwords, product decryption keys, or programs."



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Wednesday, May 15, 2013

Where can i find Linux Administrator resumes ?

Q. I recently went thru a training program on Linux Admin, and i'm a fresher in this area. Though a fresher in IT itself. Any suggestions / advice would be highly appreciated. Thanks.

A. A local Linux user group or LUG is a great place to meet people offering and looking for Linux administrators. There are a couple lists of them out there, and nearly all have their own web site.

What software does Sabayon Linux include by default?
Q. I know that Sabayon comes with loads of software already installed... but is there a list anywhere? I'd really like to see what comes preloaded... otherwise, if anyone here has used Sabayon before, can you tell me what the best pieces of software that were preloaded were? What did you really like about Sabayon?
Thanks, Richard F - finally a real answer!
But I still wasn't able to find a list of the packages included, even after looking at those links...

A. Hi --

You can find a list of all packages that are included in Sabayon Linux at:
http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=Sabayon
...you will also see related information for this distribution including the user's forum at: http://forum.sabayonlinux.org/

Additionally, there is a wiki for Sabayon at:
http://wiki.sabayonlinux.org/index.php?title=Sabayon_Linux#How_is_Sabayon_Linux_different_from_other_distributions.3F
...that *may* answer your questions about the distribution.

Since you have not indicated things you are seeking in a Linux distribution, it is hard to give you specific recommendations. There is a recent review of The Sabayon Linux live DVD distribution ver:3.4 {Aug 14th 2007} that may also be helpful. It can be found at:
http://www.linux.com/feature/118469

hth.

What is the best Linux operating system?
Q. Right now I am using knoppix 6.2. Should I stay with this or are there any good ones.

A. Grab a budget pack of CD-R's and start creating some LiveCD's of various Linux distros.

Next stop is DISTROWATCH.COM where you will find a whole host of distros.that are available for download. The second link lists the most popular distros.
http://distrowatch.com/

Wonderful things are LiveCD's and an ideal way of trying out a distro. without committing yourself
http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major

I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 10 Main Edition which is built upon Ubuntu 10.10 Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 10 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=67

The Perfect Desktop - Linux Mint 10 (Julia) Installation Guide
http://www.howtoforge.com/the-perfect-desktop-linux-mint-10-julia

Linux Mint 10 User Guide
http://linuxmint.com/rel_julia.php

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 10 then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD for installation
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BurningIsoHowto

Linux Mint 10 can as most distros. be run direct from the LiveCD from Boot without touching your Hard Drive


LUg.



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Friday, May 10, 2013

Will a Linux operating system be difficult for somebody who used only Windows all life?

Q. Today I decided that I am officially tired with Windows and want to install Linux on my laptop. I read on a website all the pro and cons of each operating system ( Windows, OS, Linux) and discovered that Linux is the only one who had the pro list longer than the cons list. ( windows too vulnerable and Macs too pricey). In any case,in the Linux cons list it said that Linux should only be used by experienced computer users. I know my way around a computer but I cannot call myself and expert. Would it be difficult to transition from Windows to Linux if I am not a computer expert?

A. Welcome to the would of Linux based OSs!!

At one point or another most Linux users made that switch, and it can be difficult IF you try to use Linux (remember Linux is the kernel not the OS) like you use Windows. There is a learning curve that you must overcome. Things are just different, but not difficult. Years ago it was harder, but now, there are many distros (distributions) tailored to new users.

Since you already know the pros and cons, there is no need to discuss them. But when you start using Linux based OSs, you WILL be in "windows mode". This just takes time to overcome. Most people that tried Linux and said it was to hard, did not give themselves enough time to get out of "winblos mode".

When you install a Linux distro, you do not need antivirus, antimalware, firewalls, you do not need to defrag. You can install them if you like, but there is no real need unless it makes you feel better. If you stick to the repos (repositories - just to make it easier to explain - you can think of it like an app store that you use on your phone) you will be safe from malware.

Now the hardest part, at least for me, is to choose which distro. Go to distrowatch.com for info on hundreds of different distros.

Most distros are based on a few main distros. Here is an image to give you an idea how many forked from other distros:
http://files.cyberciti.biz/uploads/tips/2007/06/44218-linuxdistrotimeline-7.2.png

When I made the switch from winblows to Linux, here was my criteria:
1. made for beginners - you will have many problems if you jump to a distro made for experts
2. it must be a popular distro - the more people using it, the more help you will receive. you can ask on YA, in a linux forum, or people you know.
3 must look decent. I just don't like an ugly desktop.

Also, you can take almost any distro and add different desktop environments. You can think of the DE as the user interface. You can take Ubuntu, that ships with the Unity DE, and ad another, say KDE. But they do have this already, and called Kubuntu.

You can take Mint (which I recommend for new users) which you can choose form Cinnamon, GNOME, KDE, MATE, Xfce desktops. Or you can add others. Here is a gallery of some of the DEs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environment#Gallery

So I would suggest to get an 8 or larger USB flash drive (or what ever you have) and use a program called YUMI to install as many different distros on that drive as it can hold. You choose which distro to boot into on start up. This way you can try out many different distros.

Also try out many of the different DEs. There is no way to know which one is right for you. since they are personal choice. I recommend the KDE since you are coming from winblows. It is pretty and (to me) easier to use. So I recommend Mint with KDE.

There are other made for beginners. If you decide to use Ubuntu make sure that you have a wired internet connection when you install. Ubuntu does not use closed source or proprietary software (it a FOSS thing). It will ask when you install if you want to use restricted software. Mint ships with this software and works better out of the box.

There are distros made for just about anything. If you have an older computer, there are distros for old computers. If this is the case I suggest to not use KDE but one made for older or slower computers. Like LXDE (You can download Mint with LXDE). There are distros for media production, scientists, educators, security, privacy, embedded, etc.... Heck, you can even put Linux on your router, mp3 player, tv, and other devices.

Here are some others:
http://distrowatch.com/search.php?category=Beginners

Why do you think the Linux community donates its time to supporting the adoption of Linux?
Q. I have been working with Linux for a short time now and was wondering why people would donate time and resources to support Linux. Please list any sources that you have that can give more information on this topic please.

A. Well, large companies like IBM contribute to Linux for their own reasons. They want a lean, mean, robust server OS, and Linux is ideal because they have their own in-house developers tweak it for their own uses. That's probably the biggest reason that Linux is a very good server OS: Because career programmers work on it as their job.

Linux on the desktop has some smaller companies behind it that may try to sell support for it, but it also gets contributions from other programmers in their spare time. You don't see many people who work on Linux as their actual job outside of the aforementioned large companies. People contribute because they want to, or perhaps because they're lifeless neckbeards with nothing to live for beyond coding for open source (certainly not all contributors fit that category, but there are definitely a lot of those guys in the FOSS movement). That's a big reason why Linux on the desktop hasn't really gone anywhere. There's no real advertising campaign, no big push beyond grassroots, no big reason to switch over to an OS that may not even have real support beyond user forums or possibly email.

What is the best Linux password cracker program?
Q. I somehow got access to the shadow password file. I found the list of users in encrypted form. What is the best cracker program out there to crack?

A. You should not "Trade passwords, product decryption keys, or programs."



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What is the difference between Linux and Ubuntu?

Q. Or is it the same thing? I don't really know anything about Linux and Ubuntu so I just wanted to find out some of this stuff before I get the OS on my computer.

A. Linux is the Kernel. All Linux Distros. (Distributions) including Ubuntu are built upon the Linux Kernel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel

I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 9 Main Edition which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 9 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=52

The Perfect Desktop - Linux Mint 9 (Isadora)
http://www.howtoforge.com/the-perfect-desktop-linux-mint-9-isadora

Linux Mint 9 User Guide Download pdf.
http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_isadora.php

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 9 then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD for installation

Linux Mint 9 can also be run direct from the LiveCD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive

Also worth considering :

Fedora Remix (Fedora with elements of Linux Mint)
http://fcoremix.wordpress.com/2010/05/25/lucky-13/
http://iso.linux.hr/community-fedora-remix/
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/User_Guide/

Again Fedora Remix can be run direct from the LiveDVD without touching your Hard Drive

Also you can try out as many different Linux distros. as you like on LiveCD until you find the one thats right for you DISTROWATCH.COM gives full listings (second lists the major distributions)
http://distrowatch.com/

Major Linux Distributions
http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major


LUg.

What is a Linux shell script used to verify/track user activity on a network?
Q. I would like to use a script that will verify that no users are logging in or log in after hours. It will keep track of all user activity and/or report any unauthorized users from gaining access to the network.

A. It's not particularly elegant, but you can create an /etc/nologin file (including a denial message in it if desired) and then set up a cron job to move or rename it to allow/disallow access at certain times.

If the file exists, it does not allow remote connections (any, including root, as far as I'm aware, so take care ). To prevent complete remote lockout, the file is deleted by the system upon startup if it exists.

If you need actual access control lists, this is not the method for you. If you have a couple users, you can create dual /etc/passwd files and change the un-authorized user login shells to /sbin/nologin (Fedora/RH/CentOS) or /bin/false (Debian/Ubuntu). Maintaining that for more than a couple becomes a chore though, and if you need to do this on a larger or long-term basis, there are better, non-script solutions.

How do I change the root password in Linux?
Q. I have an old Linux PC but I forgot the root password.

How do I reset the password?

I tried to go to the root directory. However, when I typed "su", it prompted me for the root password. Since I have forgotten it, I cannot type it in and I, therefore, cannot go to the root directory to change the password.

A. Boot into the system at the physical console. Go into single user mode (check the documentation for your distro).

Make your way to the command prompt. Again consult the specifics for your distro.

Once there you should be able to run "passwd root" or similar to reset the password.

The physical console it ultimate power.

NOTE:

Some distros do not have a root account per se (Ubuntu comes to mind). Regular accounts are put in a super user list that are allowed to "su" or "sudo". In this case the password in question is the password of the account you are already logged in to. If you are allowed to "go super" you will temporarily assume "root" powers.



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Saturday, May 4, 2013

What is the difference between Linux and Ubuntu?

Q. Or is it the same thing? I don't really know anything about Linux and Ubuntu so I just wanted to find out some of this stuff before I get the OS on my computer.

A. Linux is the Kernel. All Linux Distros. (Distributions) including Ubuntu are built upon the Linux Kernel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel

I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 9 Main Edition which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 9 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=52

The Perfect Desktop - Linux Mint 9 (Isadora)
http://www.howtoforge.com/the-perfect-desktop-linux-mint-9-isadora

Linux Mint 9 User Guide Download pdf.
http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_isadora.php

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 9 then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD for installation

Linux Mint 9 can also be run direct from the LiveCD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive

Also worth considering :

Fedora Remix (Fedora with elements of Linux Mint)
http://fcoremix.wordpress.com/2010/05/25/lucky-13/
http://iso.linux.hr/community-fedora-remix/
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/User_Guide/

Again Fedora Remix can be run direct from the LiveDVD without touching your Hard Drive

Also you can try out as many different Linux distros. as you like on LiveCD until you find the one thats right for you DISTROWATCH.COM gives full listings (second lists the major distributions)
http://distrowatch.com/

Major Linux Distributions
http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major


LUg.

What is a Linux shell script used to verify/track user activity on a network?
Q. I would like to use a script that will verify that no users are logging in or log in after hours. It will keep track of all user activity and/or report any unauthorized users from gaining access to the network.

A. It's not particularly elegant, but you can create an /etc/nologin file (including a denial message in it if desired) and then set up a cron job to move or rename it to allow/disallow access at certain times.

If the file exists, it does not allow remote connections (any, including root, as far as I'm aware, so take care ). To prevent complete remote lockout, the file is deleted by the system upon startup if it exists.

If you need actual access control lists, this is not the method for you. If you have a couple users, you can create dual /etc/passwd files and change the un-authorized user login shells to /sbin/nologin (Fedora/RH/CentOS) or /bin/false (Debian/Ubuntu). Maintaining that for more than a couple becomes a chore though, and if you need to do this on a larger or long-term basis, there are better, non-script solutions.

How do I change the root password in Linux?
Q. I have an old Linux PC but I forgot the root password.

How do I reset the password?

I tried to go to the root directory. However, when I typed "su", it prompted me for the root password. Since I have forgotten it, I cannot type it in and I, therefore, cannot go to the root directory to change the password.

A. Boot into the system at the physical console. Go into single user mode (check the documentation for your distro).

Make your way to the command prompt. Again consult the specifics for your distro.

Once there you should be able to run "passwd root" or similar to reset the password.

The physical console it ultimate power.

NOTE:

Some distros do not have a root account per se (Ubuntu comes to mind). Regular accounts are put in a super user list that are allowed to "su" or "sudo". In this case the password in question is the password of the account you are already logged in to. If you are allowed to "go super" you will temporarily assume "root" powers.



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Friday, April 26, 2013

Why do you think the Linux community donates its time to supporting the adoption of Linux?

Q. I have been working with Linux for a short time now and was wondering why people would donate time and resources to support Linux. Please list any sources that you have that can give more information on this topic please.

A. Well, large companies like IBM contribute to Linux for their own reasons. They want a lean, mean, robust server OS, and Linux is ideal because they have their own in-house developers tweak it for their own uses. That's probably the biggest reason that Linux is a very good server OS: Because career programmers work on it as their job.

Linux on the desktop has some smaller companies behind it that may try to sell support for it, but it also gets contributions from other programmers in their spare time. You don't see many people who work on Linux as their actual job outside of the aforementioned large companies. People contribute because they want to, or perhaps because they're lifeless neckbeards with nothing to live for beyond coding for open source (certainly not all contributors fit that category, but there are definitely a lot of those guys in the FOSS movement). That's a big reason why Linux on the desktop hasn't really gone anywhere. There's no real advertising campaign, no big push beyond grassroots, no big reason to switch over to an OS that may not even have real support beyond user forums or possibly email.

What is the best Linux password cracker program?
Q. I somehow got access to the shadow password file. I found the list of users in encrypted form. What is the best cracker program out there to crack?

A. You should not "Trade passwords, product decryption keys, or programs."

What is the procedure to install Linux, tell me the entire procedure for installation and the after procedure?
Q. What is the procedure to install Linux, tell me the entire procedure for installation and the after procedure, what to do and what not to do while installing and even after installation, and what is mounting.

A. Here are some options for installing or trying out Linux

Option One (Full installation)

I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 8 Main Edition which is built upon Ubuntu 9.10 Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 8 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=44

The Perfect Desktop - Linux Mint 8 (Helena) Installation
http://www.howtoforge.com/the-perfect-desktop-linux-mint-8-helena

Linux Mint 8 Helena User Guide
http://www.scribd.com/doc/23787138/Linux-Mint-8-Helena-User-Guide

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 8 then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD for installation

Linux Mint 8 can also be run direct from the LiveCD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive

Option Two (Install Ubuntu inside Windows XP and Vista)

Installing Ubuntu as a dual-boot with Windows without partitioning
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wubi

You keep Windows as it is, Wubi only adds an extra option to boot into Ubuntu. Wubi does not require you to modify the partitions of your PC, or to use a different bootloader, and does not install special drivers. It works just like any other application.

Wubi keeps most of the files in one folder, and if you do not like it, you can simply uninstall it as any other application.

Boot in to windows insert the Ubuntu 9.10 LiveCD and you will offered the option of installing inside windows which is where the Wubi installer comes in, you will be asked how many gigabytes you wish to allocate to Ubuntu (I recommend 8gb) then you set a password for your installation then click install and thats it.

Once Ubuntu is fully installed upon starting your PC you will be given a choice of which operating system you want to use Windows or Ubuntu

Ubuntu 9.10 Download
http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download

Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala) User Guide
http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Karmic

Linux Mint 7 has a similar feature called mint4win and the directions given above for Wubi can be followed (mint4win is not available for Linux Mint 8)
http://duncsweb.com/2009/09/27/mint4win-a-wubi-based-installer-of-linux-mint/

Linux Mint 7 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=38

Linux Mint 7 Gloria User Guide
http://www.scribd.com/doc/15884753/Linux-Mint-7-Gloria-User-Guide

Ubuntu 9.10 and Linux Mint 7 can also be run straight from the LiveCD without touching your Hard drive

Option Three (LiveCD)

Here the possibilities are endless as you can try out as many different Linux distros. until you find the one thats right for you DISTROWATCH.COM gives full listings (second lists the major distributions)
http://distrowatch.com/

Major Linux Distributions
http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major

HowTo create a Linux LiveCD
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BurningIsoHowto



LUg.



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Monday, April 8, 2013

What is the best Linux operating system?

Q. I am a bit new to this Linux but I've heard about it and I want to try it out. Which operating system should I download? I've heard of Ubuntu, is it any good?

A. I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 9 Main Edition which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 9 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=52

The Perfect Desktop - Linux Mint 9 (Isadora)
http://www.howtoforge.com/the-perfect-desktop-linux-mint-9-isadora

Linux Mint 9 User Guide Download pdf.
http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_isadora.php

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 9 then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD for installation

Linux Mint 9 can also be run direct from the LiveCD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive

Also worth considering :

Fedora Remix (Fedora with elements of Linux Mint)
http://fcoremix.wordpress.com/2010/05/25/lucky-13/
http://iso.linux.hr/community-fedora-remix/
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/User_Guide/

Again Fedora Remix can be run direct from the LiveDVD without touching your Hard Drive

Also you can try out as many different Linux distros. as you like on LiveCD until you find the one thats right for you DISTROWATCH.COM gives full listings (second lists the major distributions)
http://distrowatch.com/

Major Linux Distributions
http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major


LUg.

What is the difference between Linux and Ubuntu?
Q. Or is it the same thing? I don't really know anything about Linux and Ubuntu so I just wanted to find out some of this stuff before I get the OS on my computer.

A. Linux is the Kernel. All Linux Distros. (Distributions) including Ubuntu are built upon the Linux Kernel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel

I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 9 Main Edition which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 9 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=52

The Perfect Desktop - Linux Mint 9 (Isadora)
http://www.howtoforge.com/the-perfect-desktop-linux-mint-9-isadora

Linux Mint 9 User Guide Download pdf.
http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_isadora.php

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 9 then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD for installation

Linux Mint 9 can also be run direct from the LiveCD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive

Also worth considering :

Fedora Remix (Fedora with elements of Linux Mint)
http://fcoremix.wordpress.com/2010/05/25/lucky-13/
http://iso.linux.hr/community-fedora-remix/
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/User_Guide/

Again Fedora Remix can be run direct from the LiveDVD without touching your Hard Drive

Also you can try out as many different Linux distros. as you like on LiveCD until you find the one thats right for you DISTROWATCH.COM gives full listings (second lists the major distributions)
http://distrowatch.com/

Major Linux Distributions
http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major


LUg.

What is a Linux shell script used to verify/track user activity on a network?
Q. I would like to use a script that will verify that no users are logging in or log in after hours. It will keep track of all user activity and/or report any unauthorized users from gaining access to the network.

A. It's not particularly elegant, but you can create an /etc/nologin file (including a denial message in it if desired) and then set up a cron job to move or rename it to allow/disallow access at certain times.

If the file exists, it does not allow remote connections (any, including root, as far as I'm aware, so take care ). To prevent complete remote lockout, the file is deleted by the system upon startup if it exists.

If you need actual access control lists, this is not the method for you. If you have a couple users, you can create dual /etc/passwd files and change the un-authorized user login shells to /sbin/nologin (Fedora/RH/CentOS) or /bin/false (Debian/Ubuntu). Maintaining that for more than a couple becomes a chore though, and if you need to do this on a larger or long-term basis, there are better, non-script solutions.



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Friday, April 5, 2013

How do I limit the bandwidth to each user on the wireless router?

Q. I have a linksys wireless router. Some of the users are abusing the bandwidth
making it difficult for others to surf the internet. Is there any way to set
limits to each user so that nobody ends up using too much of the internet?
How do you adjust the QOS?
I use router WRT54G.
I am the access point, not wireless router.

A. Well, the other answer is partly right; you can't really do it with what you have. However, it is possible to throttle bandwidth for a wireless connection with the right hardware; instead of trying to limit the physical medium by use of a switch, however, you can throttle how much data is allowed to flow to the IP address of each computer using the wireless router. That is to say, everyone still connects wirelessly to an access point, that access point either has built in hardware or attaches to another device that limits how much bandwidth each IP gets. (You can even go cheap and build a Linux router out of an old PC for this.) Theoretically, there is no limit between the access point and the PC, but if only 5Mb/sec comes to the access point to deliver to the PC, it effectively limits the connection.

See the following URLs for references.

http://forums.whirlpool.net.au/forum-replies-archive.cfm/616580.html

http://lists.nocat.net/pipermail/nocat/2003-September/003731.html

http://oob.freeshell.org/nzwireless/nocat1.html

What is the best Linux distribution for a beginner?
Q. I don't know anything about Linux. Should be easy to use and should be an active and popular distribution that is still updated from time to time and has an active developer team.

A. Here are some options for installing or trying out Linux

Option One (Full installation)

I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 9 Main Edition which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 9 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=52

The Perfect Desktop - Linux Mint 9 (Isadora)
http://www.howtoforge.com/the-perfect-desktop-linux-mint-9-isadora

Linux Mint 9 User Guide Download pdf.
http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_isadora.php

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 9 then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD for installation

Linux Mint 9 can also be run direct from the LiveCD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive

Also worth considering :

Fedora Remix (Fedora with elements of Linux Mint)
http://fcoremix.wordpress.com/2010/05/25/lucky-13/
http://iso.linux.hr/community-fedora-remix/
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/User_Guide/

Again Fedora Remix can be run direct from the LiveDVD without touching your Hard Drive

Option Two (Install Linux inside Windows)

Installing Ubuntu as a dual-boot with Windows without partitioning
http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/wubi

You keep Windows as it is, Wubi only adds an extra option to boot into Ubuntu. Wubi does not require you to modify the partitions of your PC, or to use a different bootloader, and does not install special drivers. It works just like any other application.

Wubi keeps most of the files in one folder, and if you do not like it, you can simply uninstall it as any other application.

Boot in to windows insert the Ubuntu 10.04 LiveCD and you will offered the option of installing inside windows which is where the Wubi installer comes in, you will be asked how many gigabytes you wish to allocate to Ubuntu (I recommend 8gb) then you set a password for your installation then click install and thats it.

Once Ubuntu is fully installed upon starting your PC you will be given a choice of which operating system you want to use Windows or Ubuntu

Ubuntu 10.04 Download
http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop/get-ubuntu/download

Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx) User Guide
http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Lucid

Linux Mint 9 which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 has a similar feature called mint4win and the directions given above for Wubi can be followed
http://duncsweb.com/2009/09/27/mint4win-a-wubi-based-installer-of-linux-mint/

As with Linux Mint 9 and Fedora Remix, Ubuntu 10.04 can also be run straight from the LiveCD without touching your Hard drive

Option Three (LiveCD)

Here the possibilities are endless as you can try out as many different Linux distros. as you like until you find the one thats right for you DISTROWATCH.COM gives full listings (second lists the major distributions)
http://distrowatch.com/

Major Linux Distributions
http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major


LUg.

What is the best Linux operating system?
Q. I am a bit new to this Linux but I've heard about it and I want to try it out. Which operating system should I download? I've heard of Ubuntu, is it any good?

A. I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 9 Main Edition which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 9 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=52

The Perfect Desktop - Linux Mint 9 (Isadora)
http://www.howtoforge.com/the-perfect-desktop-linux-mint-9-isadora

Linux Mint 9 User Guide Download pdf.
http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_isadora.php

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 9 then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD for installation

Linux Mint 9 can also be run direct from the LiveCD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive

Also worth considering :

Fedora Remix (Fedora with elements of Linux Mint)
http://fcoremix.wordpress.com/2010/05/25/lucky-13/
http://iso.linux.hr/community-fedora-remix/
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/User_Guide/

Again Fedora Remix can be run direct from the LiveDVD without touching your Hard Drive

Also you can try out as many different Linux distros. as you like on LiveCD until you find the one thats right for you DISTROWATCH.COM gives full listings (second lists the major distributions)
http://distrowatch.com/

Major Linux Distributions
http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major


LUg.



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Wednesday, March 27, 2013

How do I limit the bandwidth to each user on the wireless router?

Q. I have a linksys wireless router. Some of the users are abusing the bandwidth
making it difficult for others to surf the internet. Is there any way to set
limits to each user so that nobody ends up using too much of the internet?
How do you adjust the QOS?
I use router WRT54G.
I am the access point, not wireless router.

A. Well, the other answer is partly right; you can't really do it with what you have. However, it is possible to throttle bandwidth for a wireless connection with the right hardware; instead of trying to limit the physical medium by use of a switch, however, you can throttle how much data is allowed to flow to the IP address of each computer using the wireless router. That is to say, everyone still connects wirelessly to an access point, that access point either has built in hardware or attaches to another device that limits how much bandwidth each IP gets. (You can even go cheap and build a Linux router out of an old PC for this.) Theoretically, there is no limit between the access point and the PC, but if only 5Mb/sec comes to the access point to deliver to the PC, it effectively limits the connection.

See the following URLs for references.

http://forums.whirlpool.net.au/forum-replies-archive.cfm/616580.html

http://lists.nocat.net/pipermail/nocat/2003-September/003731.html

http://oob.freeshell.org/nzwireless/nocat1.html

What is the best Linux distribution for a beginner?
Q. I don't know anything about Linux. Should be easy to use and should be an active and popular distribution that is still updated from time to time and has an active developer team.

A. Here are some options for installing or trying out Linux

Option One (Full installation)

I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 9 Main Edition which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 9 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=52

The Perfect Desktop - Linux Mint 9 (Isadora)
http://www.howtoforge.com/the-perfect-desktop-linux-mint-9-isadora

Linux Mint 9 User Guide Download pdf.
http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_isadora.php

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 9 then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD for installation

Linux Mint 9 can also be run direct from the LiveCD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive

Also worth considering :

Fedora Remix (Fedora with elements of Linux Mint)
http://fcoremix.wordpress.com/2010/05/25/lucky-13/
http://iso.linux.hr/community-fedora-remix/
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/User_Guide/

Again Fedora Remix can be run direct from the LiveDVD without touching your Hard Drive

Option Two (Install Linux inside Windows)

Installing Ubuntu as a dual-boot with Windows without partitioning
http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/wubi

You keep Windows as it is, Wubi only adds an extra option to boot into Ubuntu. Wubi does not require you to modify the partitions of your PC, or to use a different bootloader, and does not install special drivers. It works just like any other application.

Wubi keeps most of the files in one folder, and if you do not like it, you can simply uninstall it as any other application.

Boot in to windows insert the Ubuntu 10.04 LiveCD and you will offered the option of installing inside windows which is where the Wubi installer comes in, you will be asked how many gigabytes you wish to allocate to Ubuntu (I recommend 8gb) then you set a password for your installation then click install and thats it.

Once Ubuntu is fully installed upon starting your PC you will be given a choice of which operating system you want to use Windows or Ubuntu

Ubuntu 10.04 Download
http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop/get-ubuntu/download

Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx) User Guide
http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Lucid

Linux Mint 9 which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 has a similar feature called mint4win and the directions given above for Wubi can be followed
http://duncsweb.com/2009/09/27/mint4win-a-wubi-based-installer-of-linux-mint/

As with Linux Mint 9 and Fedora Remix, Ubuntu 10.04 can also be run straight from the LiveCD without touching your Hard drive

Option Three (LiveCD)

Here the possibilities are endless as you can try out as many different Linux distros. as you like until you find the one thats right for you DISTROWATCH.COM gives full listings (second lists the major distributions)
http://distrowatch.com/

Major Linux Distributions
http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major


LUg.

What is the best Linux operating system?
Q. I am a bit new to this Linux but I've heard about it and I want to try it out. Which operating system should I download? I've heard of Ubuntu, is it any good?

A. I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 9 Main Edition which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 9 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=52

The Perfect Desktop - Linux Mint 9 (Isadora)
http://www.howtoforge.com/the-perfect-desktop-linux-mint-9-isadora

Linux Mint 9 User Guide Download pdf.
http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_isadora.php

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 9 then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD for installation

Linux Mint 9 can also be run direct from the LiveCD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive

Also worth considering :

Fedora Remix (Fedora with elements of Linux Mint)
http://fcoremix.wordpress.com/2010/05/25/lucky-13/
http://iso.linux.hr/community-fedora-remix/
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/User_Guide/

Again Fedora Remix can be run direct from the LiveDVD without touching your Hard Drive

Also you can try out as many different Linux distros. as you like on LiveCD until you find the one thats right for you DISTROWATCH.COM gives full listings (second lists the major distributions)
http://distrowatch.com/

Major Linux Distributions
http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major


LUg.



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Wednesday, March 20, 2013

Why do you think the Linux community donates its time to supporting the adoption of Linux?

Q. I have been working with Linux for a short time now and was wondering why people would donate time and resources to support Linux. Please list any sources that you have that can give more information on this topic please.

A. Well, large companies like IBM contribute to Linux for their own reasons. They want a lean, mean, robust server OS, and Linux is ideal because they have their own in-house developers tweak it for their own uses. That's probably the biggest reason that Linux is a very good server OS: Because career programmers work on it as their job.

Linux on the desktop has some smaller companies behind it that may try to sell support for it, but it also gets contributions from other programmers in their spare time. You don't see many people who work on Linux as their actual job outside of the aforementioned large companies. People contribute because they want to, or perhaps because they're lifeless neckbeards with nothing to live for beyond coding for open source (certainly not all contributors fit that category, but there are definitely a lot of those guys in the FOSS movement). That's a big reason why Linux on the desktop hasn't really gone anywhere. There's no real advertising campaign, no big push beyond grassroots, no big reason to switch over to an OS that may not even have real support beyond user forums or possibly email.

What is the best Linux password cracker program?
Q. I somehow got access to the shadow password file. I found the list of users in encrypted form. What is the best cracker program out there to crack?

A. You should not "Trade passwords, product decryption keys, or programs."

What is the procedure to install Linux, tell me the entire procedure for installation and the after procedure?
Q. What is the procedure to install Linux, tell me the entire procedure for installation and the after procedure, what to do and what not to do while installing and even after installation, and what is mounting.

A. Here are some options for installing or trying out Linux

Option One (Full installation)

I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 8 Main Edition which is built upon Ubuntu 9.10 Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 8 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=44

The Perfect Desktop - Linux Mint 8 (Helena) Installation
http://www.howtoforge.com/the-perfect-desktop-linux-mint-8-helena

Linux Mint 8 Helena User Guide
http://www.scribd.com/doc/23787138/Linux-Mint-8-Helena-User-Guide

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 8 then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD for installation

Linux Mint 8 can also be run direct from the LiveCD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive

Option Two (Install Ubuntu inside Windows XP and Vista)

Installing Ubuntu as a dual-boot with Windows without partitioning
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wubi

You keep Windows as it is, Wubi only adds an extra option to boot into Ubuntu. Wubi does not require you to modify the partitions of your PC, or to use a different bootloader, and does not install special drivers. It works just like any other application.

Wubi keeps most of the files in one folder, and if you do not like it, you can simply uninstall it as any other application.

Boot in to windows insert the Ubuntu 9.10 LiveCD and you will offered the option of installing inside windows which is where the Wubi installer comes in, you will be asked how many gigabytes you wish to allocate to Ubuntu (I recommend 8gb) then you set a password for your installation then click install and thats it.

Once Ubuntu is fully installed upon starting your PC you will be given a choice of which operating system you want to use Windows or Ubuntu

Ubuntu 9.10 Download
http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download

Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala) User Guide
http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Karmic

Linux Mint 7 has a similar feature called mint4win and the directions given above for Wubi can be followed (mint4win is not available for Linux Mint 8)
http://duncsweb.com/2009/09/27/mint4win-a-wubi-based-installer-of-linux-mint/

Linux Mint 7 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=38

Linux Mint 7 Gloria User Guide
http://www.scribd.com/doc/15884753/Linux-Mint-7-Gloria-User-Guide

Ubuntu 9.10 and Linux Mint 7 can also be run straight from the LiveCD without touching your Hard drive

Option Three (LiveCD)

Here the possibilities are endless as you can try out as many different Linux distros. until you find the one thats right for you DISTROWATCH.COM gives full listings (second lists the major distributions)
http://distrowatch.com/

Major Linux Distributions
http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major

HowTo create a Linux LiveCD
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BurningIsoHowto



LUg.



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When buying new hardware for a linux system, should I only pick hardware that has linux drivers?

Q. I am new to linux. I want to construct a new computer that will operate linux. Should I only choose hardware (like a TV tuner card or a sound card) for which there are already linux drivers or are there always workarounds for getting every piece of hardware working on linux even if there are no drivers? Are these workarounds easy to implement or will I spend a lot of time and effort trying to get the hardware to work?

A. Naturally the easier path is to buy/use components that have linux drivers readily available. If the component maker doesn't provide the driver a linux supporter will try to reverse engineer the driver. These drivers are not always available until a good period of time after the component is released, and the quality of these drivers vary a lot. Early versions of these drivers do not generally lead to a stable system.
THe people who like to use components that don't have linux drives are those who want to learn the inner workings of linux and even want to learn how to write the drivers.
There are workarounds when you do not have a linux driver but they vary in their success and stability.
If you want a stable system that is easy to setup and maintain and update you best bet is to use as many components as possible that have good linux drivers.
If you google for a component plus linux drivers you should get a good idea of whether linux drivers are available. e.g. Creative audigy 2 z +linux drivers.
More and more manufacturers are coming on board and providing linux drivers. Many linux users complain to the manufacturers if they do not provide linux drives.
Here are some links that list components and linux drivers.
Good luck

How do I limit the bandwidth to each user on the wireless router?
Q. I have a linksys wireless router. Some of the users are abusing the bandwidth
making it difficult for others to surf the internet. Is there any way to set
limits to each user so that nobody ends up using too much of the internet?
How do you adjust the QOS?
I use router WRT54G.
I am the access point, not wireless router.

A. Well, the other answer is partly right; you can't really do it with what you have. However, it is possible to throttle bandwidth for a wireless connection with the right hardware; instead of trying to limit the physical medium by use of a switch, however, you can throttle how much data is allowed to flow to the IP address of each computer using the wireless router. That is to say, everyone still connects wirelessly to an access point, that access point either has built in hardware or attaches to another device that limits how much bandwidth each IP gets. (You can even go cheap and build a Linux router out of an old PC for this.) Theoretically, there is no limit between the access point and the PC, but if only 5Mb/sec comes to the access point to deliver to the PC, it effectively limits the connection.

See the following URLs for references.

http://forums.whirlpool.net.au/forum-replies-archive.cfm/616580.html

http://lists.nocat.net/pipermail/nocat/2003-September/003731.html

http://oob.freeshell.org/nzwireless/nocat1.html

What is the best Linux distribution for a beginner?
Q. I don't know anything about Linux. Should be easy to use and should be an active and popular distribution that is still updated from time to time and has an active developer team.

A. Here are some options for installing or trying out Linux

Option One (Full installation)

I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 9 Main Edition which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 9 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=52

The Perfect Desktop - Linux Mint 9 (Isadora)
http://www.howtoforge.com/the-perfect-desktop-linux-mint-9-isadora

Linux Mint 9 User Guide Download pdf.
http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_isadora.php

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 9 then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD for installation

Linux Mint 9 can also be run direct from the LiveCD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive

Also worth considering :

Fedora Remix (Fedora with elements of Linux Mint)
http://fcoremix.wordpress.com/2010/05/25/lucky-13/
http://iso.linux.hr/community-fedora-remix/
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/User_Guide/

Again Fedora Remix can be run direct from the LiveDVD without touching your Hard Drive

Option Two (Install Linux inside Windows)

Installing Ubuntu as a dual-boot with Windows without partitioning
http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/wubi

You keep Windows as it is, Wubi only adds an extra option to boot into Ubuntu. Wubi does not require you to modify the partitions of your PC, or to use a different bootloader, and does not install special drivers. It works just like any other application.

Wubi keeps most of the files in one folder, and if you do not like it, you can simply uninstall it as any other application.

Boot in to windows insert the Ubuntu 10.04 LiveCD and you will offered the option of installing inside windows which is where the Wubi installer comes in, you will be asked how many gigabytes you wish to allocate to Ubuntu (I recommend 8gb) then you set a password for your installation then click install and thats it.

Once Ubuntu is fully installed upon starting your PC you will be given a choice of which operating system you want to use Windows or Ubuntu

Ubuntu 10.04 Download
http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop/get-ubuntu/download

Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx) User Guide
http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Lucid

Linux Mint 9 which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 has a similar feature called mint4win and the directions given above for Wubi can be followed
http://duncsweb.com/2009/09/27/mint4win-a-wubi-based-installer-of-linux-mint/

As with Linux Mint 9 and Fedora Remix, Ubuntu 10.04 can also be run straight from the LiveCD without touching your Hard drive

Option Three (LiveCD)

Here the possibilities are endless as you can try out as many different Linux distros. as you like until you find the one thats right for you DISTROWATCH.COM gives full listings (second lists the major distributions)
http://distrowatch.com/

Major Linux Distributions
http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major


LUg.



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Saturday, March 2, 2013

How do I limit the bandwidth to each user on the wireless router?

Q. I have a linksys wireless router. Some of the users are abusing the bandwidth
making it difficult for others to surf the internet. Is there any way to set
limits to each user so that nobody ends up using too much of the internet?
How do you adjust the QOS?
I use router WRT54G.
I am the access point, not wireless router.

A. Well, the other answer is partly right; you can't really do it with what you have. However, it is possible to throttle bandwidth for a wireless connection with the right hardware; instead of trying to limit the physical medium by use of a switch, however, you can throttle how much data is allowed to flow to the IP address of each computer using the wireless router. That is to say, everyone still connects wirelessly to an access point, that access point either has built in hardware or attaches to another device that limits how much bandwidth each IP gets. (You can even go cheap and build a Linux router out of an old PC for this.) Theoretically, there is no limit between the access point and the PC, but if only 5Mb/sec comes to the access point to deliver to the PC, it effectively limits the connection.

See the following URLs for references.

http://forums.whirlpool.net.au/forum-replies-archive.cfm/616580.html

http://lists.nocat.net/pipermail/nocat/2003-September/003731.html

http://oob.freeshell.org/nzwireless/nocat1.html

What is the best Linux distribution for a beginner?
Q. I don't know anything about Linux. Should be easy to use and should be an active and popular distribution that is still updated from time to time and has an active developer team.

A. Here are some options for installing or trying out Linux

Option One (Full installation)

I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 9 Main Edition which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 9 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=52

The Perfect Desktop - Linux Mint 9 (Isadora)
http://www.howtoforge.com/the-perfect-desktop-linux-mint-9-isadora

Linux Mint 9 User Guide Download pdf.
http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_isadora.php

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 9 then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD for installation

Linux Mint 9 can also be run direct from the LiveCD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive

Also worth considering :

Fedora Remix (Fedora with elements of Linux Mint)
http://fcoremix.wordpress.com/2010/05/25/lucky-13/
http://iso.linux.hr/community-fedora-remix/
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/User_Guide/

Again Fedora Remix can be run direct from the LiveDVD without touching your Hard Drive

Option Two (Install Linux inside Windows)

Installing Ubuntu as a dual-boot with Windows without partitioning
http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/wubi

You keep Windows as it is, Wubi only adds an extra option to boot into Ubuntu. Wubi does not require you to modify the partitions of your PC, or to use a different bootloader, and does not install special drivers. It works just like any other application.

Wubi keeps most of the files in one folder, and if you do not like it, you can simply uninstall it as any other application.

Boot in to windows insert the Ubuntu 10.04 LiveCD and you will offered the option of installing inside windows which is where the Wubi installer comes in, you will be asked how many gigabytes you wish to allocate to Ubuntu (I recommend 8gb) then you set a password for your installation then click install and thats it.

Once Ubuntu is fully installed upon starting your PC you will be given a choice of which operating system you want to use Windows or Ubuntu

Ubuntu 10.04 Download
http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop/get-ubuntu/download

Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx) User Guide
http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Lucid

Linux Mint 9 which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 has a similar feature called mint4win and the directions given above for Wubi can be followed
http://duncsweb.com/2009/09/27/mint4win-a-wubi-based-installer-of-linux-mint/

As with Linux Mint 9 and Fedora Remix, Ubuntu 10.04 can also be run straight from the LiveCD without touching your Hard drive

Option Three (LiveCD)

Here the possibilities are endless as you can try out as many different Linux distros. as you like until you find the one thats right for you DISTROWATCH.COM gives full listings (second lists the major distributions)
http://distrowatch.com/

Major Linux Distributions
http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major


LUg.

What is the best Linux operating system?
Q. I am a bit new to this Linux but I've heard about it and I want to try it out. Which operating system should I download? I've heard of Ubuntu, is it any good?

A. I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 9 Main Edition which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 9 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=52

The Perfect Desktop - Linux Mint 9 (Isadora)
http://www.howtoforge.com/the-perfect-desktop-linux-mint-9-isadora

Linux Mint 9 User Guide Download pdf.
http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_isadora.php

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 9 then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD for installation

Linux Mint 9 can also be run direct from the LiveCD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive

Also worth considering :

Fedora Remix (Fedora with elements of Linux Mint)
http://fcoremix.wordpress.com/2010/05/25/lucky-13/
http://iso.linux.hr/community-fedora-remix/
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/User_Guide/

Again Fedora Remix can be run direct from the LiveDVD without touching your Hard Drive

Also you can try out as many different Linux distros. as you like on LiveCD until you find the one thats right for you DISTROWATCH.COM gives full listings (second lists the major distributions)
http://distrowatch.com/

Major Linux Distributions
http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major


LUg.



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What is the difference between Linux and Ubuntu?

Q. Or is it the same thing? I don't really know anything about Linux and Ubuntu so I just wanted to find out some of this stuff before I get the OS on my computer.

A. Linux is the Kernel. All Linux Distros. (Distributions) including Ubuntu are built upon the Linux Kernel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel

I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 9 Main Edition which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 9 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=52

The Perfect Desktop - Linux Mint 9 (Isadora)
http://www.howtoforge.com/the-perfect-desktop-linux-mint-9-isadora

Linux Mint 9 User Guide Download pdf.
http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_isadora.php

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 9 then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD for installation

Linux Mint 9 can also be run direct from the LiveCD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive

Also worth considering :

Fedora Remix (Fedora with elements of Linux Mint)
http://fcoremix.wordpress.com/2010/05/25/lucky-13/
http://iso.linux.hr/community-fedora-remix/
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/User_Guide/

Again Fedora Remix can be run direct from the LiveDVD without touching your Hard Drive

Also you can try out as many different Linux distros. as you like on LiveCD until you find the one thats right for you DISTROWATCH.COM gives full listings (second lists the major distributions)
http://distrowatch.com/

Major Linux Distributions
http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major


LUg.

What is a Linux shell script used to verify/track user activity on a network?
Q. I would like to use a script that will verify that no users are logging in or log in after hours. It will keep track of all user activity and/or report any unauthorized users from gaining access to the network.

A. It's not particularly elegant, but you can create an /etc/nologin file (including a denial message in it if desired) and then set up a cron job to move or rename it to allow/disallow access at certain times.

If the file exists, it does not allow remote connections (any, including root, as far as I'm aware, so take care ). To prevent complete remote lockout, the file is deleted by the system upon startup if it exists.

If you need actual access control lists, this is not the method for you. If you have a couple users, you can create dual /etc/passwd files and change the un-authorized user login shells to /sbin/nologin (Fedora/RH/CentOS) or /bin/false (Debian/Ubuntu). Maintaining that for more than a couple becomes a chore though, and if you need to do this on a larger or long-term basis, there are better, non-script solutions.

How do I change the root password in Linux?
Q. I have an old Linux PC but I forgot the root password.

How do I reset the password?

I tried to go to the root directory. However, when I typed "su", it prompted me for the root password. Since I have forgotten it, I cannot type it in and I, therefore, cannot go to the root directory to change the password.

A. Boot into the system at the physical console. Go into single user mode (check the documentation for your distro).

Make your way to the command prompt. Again consult the specifics for your distro.

Once there you should be able to run "passwd root" or similar to reset the password.

The physical console it ultimate power.

NOTE:

Some distros do not have a root account per se (Ubuntu comes to mind). Regular accounts are put in a super user list that are allowed to "su" or "sudo". In this case the password in question is the password of the account you are already logged in to. If you are allowed to "go super" you will temporarily assume "root" powers.



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